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Toward Authentication of Videos: Integer Transform Based Motion Vector Watermarking
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DOI：10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3191667.png)
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摘要
En 中文
Nowadays, digital content like videos, audio and images are widely used as evidence in criminal courts and forensic laboratories. Due to the advanced low-cost and easily available multimedia/communication tools and softwares, manipulation of the content is a no-brain task. Thus, the protection of digital content originality is a challenge for the content owners and researchers before it can be produced in court or used for some other purpose. We proposed a motion vector watermarking technique that validate and authenticate videos. We are embedding the correlated watermark in the integer wavelet transform domain. In our method, the selection of embedding areas is based on the variation of motion vectors. The video frames are fully protected in both spatial and transform domains since the watermark is correlated with the approximation subbands of wavelet transform before embedding. The proposed technique can concisely determine the attacked regions. The results validate the performance of the proposed approach in terms of quality metrics like peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index (SSIM), normalized coefficients (NC) and bit error rate (BER).
Keyword:
Watermarking
Videos
Discrete wavelet transforms
Wavelet domain
Robustness
Motion estimation
Correlation
Watermarking
authentication
motion estimation
integer wavelet transform
embedding
extraction
期刊
IF:
3.6
论文数:
9.8W
被引数:
29.4W
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