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Ultrasonic-ethanol pretreatment-assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction of Akebia trifoliata seed oil and its effects on physicochemical properties; fatty acid composition; nutritional composition; and antioxidant activity
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DOI：10.3389/fnut.2026.1896747.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Akebia trifoliata seeds are regarded as a promising source for edible oil production. In this study; ultrasonic–ethanol coupled pretreatment was integrated with conventional aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) to improve the extraction efficiency of Akebia trifoliata seed oil. The highest oil yield (30.47%) was achieved under the conditions of 200 W ultrasonic power; 30 min ultrasonic treatment; and 60% ethanol-assisted AEE. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that ultrasonic–ethanol pretreatment increased the number of irregular voids in Akebia trifoliata seeds and facilitated the aggregation of oil droplets. Using oil yield as the response variable; the extraction parameters of AEE were further optimized through a Box–Behnken design. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 51 °C; solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:3; enzyme concentration of 5.2%; and enzymatic hydrolysis time of 6.2 h. Under these optimized conditions; the oil yield reached 31.54%. Compared with oils obtained by the pressing method (PE) and Soxhlet extraction (SE); oil produced by ultrasonic–ethanol pretreatment-assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction (UEAEE) exhibited superior physicochemical properties while maintaining a similar fatty acid composition. In addition; higher levels of nutritional components and stronger antioxidant activity were observed in the oil obtained by UEAEE. The contents of total phenols; total flavonoids; and carotenoids were0.32 mg/g; 149.60 mg/kg; and 52.70 mg/kg; respectively; while the DPPH free radical scavenging activity reached 80.03%. These findings indicate that UEAEE is an effective approach for improving both the yield and quality of Akebia trifoliata seed oil and provides valuable theoretical support for the high-value utilization of Akebia trifoliata seeds.
Keywords:
response surface methodology
quality analysis
Akebia trifoliata seed oil
aqueous enzymatic extraction
ultrasonic–ethanol pretreatment
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5.1
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1.3W
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3.9W
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