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We elaborate that for topological insulators and topological superconductors described by Dirac models in any dimension and symmetry class, the topological order can be mapped to lattice sites by a universal topological marker. Deriving from a recently discovered momentum-space universal topological invariant, we introduce a topological operator that consists of alternating projectors to filled and empty lattice eigenstates and the position operators, multiplied by the Dirac matrices that are omitted in the Hamiltonian. The topological operator projected to lattice sites yields the topological marker, whose form is explicitly constructed for every topologically nontrivial symmetry class from 1D to 3D. The off-diagonal elements of the topological operator yield a nonlocal topological marker, which decays with a correlation length that diverges at topological phase transitions, and represents a Wannier state correlation function. Various prototype examples, including the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, Majorana chain, Chern insulators, Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang model, 2D chiral and helical p-wave superconductors, lattice model of 3He B-phase, and 3D time-reversal-symmetric topological insulators, are employed to demonstrate the ubiquity of our formalism.
Keyword:
INSULATORS
期刊
IF:
3.7
论文数:
15.4W
被引数:
41.0W
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