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Unraveling the small molecule shear and aromatic hydrocarbon reconfiguration mechanism toward pitch-based gradient porous carbons for advanced zinc-ion hybrid capacitors
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DOI：10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121967.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The design of pitch-based gradient porous carbons is crucial for enhancing capacitive performance, yet the impact of precursor structural evolution on pore formation remains elusive. Herein, small-molecule-mediated molecular shearing and aromatic-cluster reconfiguration strategy to synthesize submicron/micron rod-like cluster porous carbon (HCRs) with optimal pore size and abundant surface oxygen-containing groups. Experimental and theoretical analysis confirmed that the optimal pore size of 1.0 nm for [Zn(H2O)6]2+ interaction, maximizing the gradient confinement effect of micropores (0.88 to 1.2 nm) and mesopores (about 3.2 nm) to enable ordered, efficient ion transport and storage. Moreover, the CO groups provide pseudo-capacitance, which significantly reduced the interaction energy barrier of [Zn(H2O)6]2+. As a result, the optimized gradient pores carbon exhibited a remarkably specific capacity of 234.6 mAh g−1 and 99.4% retention over 65000 cycles. The assembled HCRs//Zn device thus displayed a high energy density of 189.9 Wh kg−1 and a distinguished power density of 65.2 kW kg−1. This work opens the avenue for molecular-level modulation of organic precursors to enable the development of high-performance porous carbon cathodes for zinc-ion hybrid capacitors.
Keywords:
Small-molecule shear
Aromatic-ring reconfiguration
Gradient-confinement effect
Porous carbon
Zinc-ion hybrid capacitors
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11.6
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2.0W
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10.5W
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