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Ytterbium charge state and stabilization in the Ba(Ca)F2 host by electron paramagnetic resonance and infrared photoluminescence
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DOI：10.1016/j.optmat.2026.118242.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
In this work, we present a comprehensive comparative study of Yb-doped BaF2 and CaF2 single crystals at low doping levels (0.05–0.2 mol%). By combining electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, infrared photoluminescence (IR PL), photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), we systematically investigate how the host lattice influences the charge-state stabilization, local environment, and defect formation mechanisms of ytterbium ions. • Expanded discussion of Yb incorporation mechanisms and host-dependent stabilization behavior. • Quantitative evaluation of EPR spectra using double-integrated intensities, including comparison of perturbed and unperturbed Yb3+ centers. • Additional XRD analysis with enlarged diffraction peak regions demonstrating the absence of measurable peak shifts upon Yb doping. • Detailed description of Raman and photoluminescence experimental setups and clarification of spectral processing artifacts. • Expanded XPS analysis and discussion of defect compensation and surface chemistry. • A new comparative table summarizing previously reported Yb3+-based NIR-emitting materials together with discussion of the advantages of BaF2 and CaF2 single crystals. • Improved figures, revised captions, and extensive language and stylistic corrections throughout the manuscript.
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