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Zwitterionic Gel Electrolyte Stabilized Multivalent Tellurium Redox for High-Energy Lithium Batteries
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DOI：10.1002/anie.2069430.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Lithium batteries based on multivalent chalcogen conversion chemistries offer a promising route toward high-energy, practical energy storage, but their development is impeded by the limited accessibility and instability of high-valence intermediates. Here we report a quasi-solid-state lithium||tellurium battery in which a zwitterionic gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) stabilizes multivalent tellurium redox, enabling reversible six-electron conversion under practical conditions. By embedding LiCl directly into a Te cathode, we establish a Te/LiCl composite that activates the sequential Te2−/Te0/Te2+/Te4+ redox cascade with three well-defined discharge plateaus at 2.42, 2.17, and 1.76 V. This multivalent conversion delivers a high specific capacity of 938 mAh g−1 and an energy density of 619 Wh kg−1 based on the whole cathode. To suppress dissolution and decomposition of high-valence Ten+ species, we design a zwitterionic GPE that provides dual-ion (Li+/Cl−) transport, robust Li metal compatibility, and effective confinement of soluble intermediates. The resulting quasi-solid Li||Te/LiCl cells exhibit excellent rate performance and long-term durability (87.6% capacity retention after 400 cycles at 1 A g−1), and achieve an areal capacity of 5.4 mAh cm−2. This work establishes a zwitterion-stabilized, multivalent Te redox platform that bridges high energy density with practical cycling stability, offering a generalizable strategy for advanced conversion-type lithium batteries.
Keywords:
conversion-type cathode
gel polymer electrolytes
lithium-metal batteries
multivalent conversion of tellurium
tellurium batteries
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