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A-/B-site engineering of AgNbO3-based ceramics for high-efficiency relaxor antiferroelectric energy storage
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DOI：10.26599/JAC.2025.9221174.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Lead-free antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics are promising candidates for next-generation pulsed power capacitors. However, their practical deployment remains limited by low recoverable energy density (W-rec), limited dielectric breakdown strength (E-b), and poor efficiency (eta), particularly under moderate electric fields. To address these challenges, this study introduces a compositional design strategy that simultaneously engineers both A- and B-sites in AgNbO3 (AN) perovskite ceramics. Specifically, 20 mol% Ta5+ is fixed at the B-site, while dual A-site substitution with Li+ and Nd3+ is implemented. This codoping approach enables a tunable transition from conventional AFE behavior to a relaxor-antiferroelectric-like (R-AFE-like) state. This evolution is driven primarily by A-site chemical disorder introduced by Li+/Nd3+ codoping, which disrupts long-range antiferroelectric ordering and facilitates the formation of nanodomains. In parallel, B-site Ta5+ substitution contributes by suppressing octahedral tilting and stabilizing the nonpolar phase. The optimized composition, (Ag1-4xLixNdx)(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O-3 at x = 0.03, delivers a remarkable recoverable energy density of 7.2 J/cm(3) and an efficiency of 92.3% under a moderate electric field of 327 kV/cm. In addition, this composition demonstrates an excellent W-rec/E-b ratio and capacitor-grade reliability, including strong frequency and thermal stability, as well as ultrafast discharge characteristics (t(0.9) approximate to 40 ns) with a peak power density of 172 MW/cm(3). Overall, this work provides a detailed structure-property-performance framework for designing high-efficiency, high-power, lead-free capacitors by harnessing tunable relaxor-antiferroelectricity.
Keywords:
AgNbO3-based ceramics
lead-free dielectric ceramics
relaxor antiferroelectrics
dielectric energy storage
pulsed power capacitors
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