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A Bidirectional Model Predictive Control Battery Equalization Method Based on Equalization Process Separation Model
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DOI：10.1109/TTE.2026.3661862.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Given the inherent variability in manufacturing processes and working environments, inconsistencies between series-connected lithium-ion batteries are inevitable. Consequently, battery equalization is crucial for improving both individual battery energy utilization and the overall lifespan of the battery pack. However, conventional equalization systems treat the entire process as a whole and lack detailed models. The lack of research on the optimal equalization strategy for battery equalization systems under external operating conditions also hinders accurate state of charge (SoC) estimation. To address this, an equalization process separation model (EPSM)-based bidirectional model predictive control (BMPC) method is proposed. A flyback converter and switching matrix topology are utilized to enable bidirectional energy transfer. The energy storage and transfer in bidirectional equalization can be described more precisely in this method. The equalization effect is optimized by comparing the cost function results of two equalization modes using adjustable weighting matrices. Finally, the experimental results verified the effectiveness of this method. Compared with the conventional model predictive control (MPC) method, the equalization time and SoC estimate error were reduced by up to 9.11% and 0.67%, respectively.
Keywords:
Battery equalization
equalization process separation
lithium-ion battery
model predictive control (MPC)
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