A collider as a quantum computer

doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2026.141042

A collider as a quantum computer

2026-10-09

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DOI：10.1016/j.physletb.2026.141042

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Scattering processes in high-energy physics are inherently quantum mechanical, yet are typically analyzed at the level of final states, where entanglement appears as a property of the outcome rather than a consequence of the underlying dynamics. We reformulate scattering at the level of the process itself by representing helicity transition matrices as quantum circuits. Once a scattering channel and a kinematic outcome are selected, the corresponding helicity transition amplitude defines a finite-dimensional conditional map, making a circuit description natural. For the process e+ e− → μ+ μ− , the singular value decomposition expresses the selected map as norm-preserving input and output basis transformations surrounding a diagonal filter that contains all conditional, postselection-induced norm change. The complete S-matrix remains unitary, while the non-unitarity considered here belongs to the map conditioned on a selected channel and kinematic outcome. This representation reorganizes the amplitude into distinct operational elements and provides a circuit language for its constrained entanglement dynamics.

A collider as a quantum computer

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