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A comprehensive investigation on microstructure and mechanical properties optimisation of 316L stainless steel produced by laser-based powder bed fusion
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DOI：10.1108/rpj-12-2024-0519.png)
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Abstract
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<jats:sec>
<jats:title>Purpose</jats:title>
<jats:p>This study aims to introduce an algorithm that can successfully define optimum laser-based powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) processing and post-heat treatment parameters for manufacturing 316L stainless steels with limited energy usage and enhanced properties.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Design/methodology/approach</jats:title>
<jats:p>Taguchi’s design of the experiment (DoE) was elaborated to define the ideal LB-PBF process and heat treatment parameters. Based on the DoE and experimental results, the LB-PBF energy density between 6.7 J/mm3 and 14.7 J/mm3 produced parts with a volumetric mass density of 98.8% or higher. The authors’ proposed processing window shows 316 L manufactured products can reach the highest mechanical strength reported in literature.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Findings</jats:title>
<jats:p>The microstructure characteristics of the enhanced 316L builds showed characteristic dislocation density, grain size and texture features. The proposed heat treatments at 650, 870 and 1,150 °C results in preferential grain growth up to approximately 45 µm, reorienting the as-built grain structure from &lt; 100&gt; to &lt; 101&gt; components. This promoted mechanical twinning propensity and the dynamic Hall–Petch effect, resulting in significant improvements in the mechanical properties.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Originality/value</jats:title>
<jats:p>The manufactured parts in the optimised conditions achieved improvement in ultimate tensile strength (970 MPa) and elongation (32%), representing a noticeable strength–ductility combination for LB-PBF of 316L.</jats:p>
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