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A comprehensive review on solvent extraction technologies of rare earth elements from different acidic media: Current challenges and future perspectives
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DOI：10.1016/j.jiec.2024.04.042.png)
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Abstract
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Rare earth elements (REEs) have gained global attention as strategic compounds for the transition to a green and sustainable economy due to their exceptional physicochemical properties and nuanced ionic radius differences. The worldwide demand for REEs is rising steadily, fueled by integration into advanced technologies such as electric vehicles, wind turbines, mobile devices and computers. Various methods have been devised to extract REEs from primary and secondary resources, including ion exchange resin, solvent extraction (SX), membrane separation, precipitation, crystallization and adsorption. SX emerges as the primary process for REEs separation and recovery, evolving with diverse extraction solvents guided by a balance between the efficiency and the cost. This review explores current trends in SX technologies, with a particular emphasis on extraction methodologies applicable to various acidic media. It provides a comprehensive evaluation of existing technologies, considering efficiency, selectivity, and technical feasibility. Through this discussion, researchers gain a nuanced understanding of the evolving landscape of SX technologies, informed by considerations of both current capabilities and future prospects.
Keywords:
Solvent extraction
Rare earth elements
Extraction process
Separation
Resource recovery
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