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A Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation Method Using Dimensionality Increasing and Two-Dimensional Convolution

delete2025-07-01
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PRE
AI
S
Shouyi Cui
G
Guowei Yang
J
J.F. Guan
Y
Yuheng He
X
Xuefang Zhou
M
Meihua Bi
H
Hanghai Shen
Y
Yuansheng Xu
DOI:10.1109/JBHI.2025.3551613delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
Blood pressure (BP) monitoring is a basic way to evaluate hypertension and its related diseases. Since non-invasive measurement with cuff is not real-time and invasive measurement with vessel puncture is not practical in daily life, this paper proposes a cuffless BP estimation method using two-dimensional (2D) convolution. Dimensionality increasing algorithms including recurrence plot and Gramian angular field are firstly used to convert electrocardiography (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals into 2D images. New fused Gramian angular field (FGAF) and combined Gramian angular field (CGAF) are proposed to reduce the input 2D images data and enhance the signals’ relevance. The converted images are used to train 2D convolutional models and estimate BP values. The 2D models effectively improved BP estimation accuracy, and the accuracy of the VGGNet 2D model using Gramian angular difference field (GADF) is improved by 38% compared with the corresponding 1D convolutional model. The proposed FGAF and CGAF can reduce input data by 50% while maintaining estimation accuracy, and the minimum mean absolute errors of the estimated BP values could reach 2.71 and 1.74 mmHg for systolic and diastolic blood pressures, respectively. To reduce model size, the VGGNet BP estimation model is pruned by reducing 60% of channel numbers while maintain the model performance. The pruned VGGNet model using the FGADF is then fine-tuned and validated by MIMIC-III dataset to show its generalization ability. Furthermore, a simple monitor system is built to show the feasibility of signal collection and BP estimation.
Keywords:
Blood pressure
electrocardiography (ECG)
photoplethysmography (PPG)
dimensionality increasing
two-dimensional convolution
model pruning

Journal

IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics cover
IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics
IF:
6.8
Papers:
4.7K
Citations:
2.0W

Organization

H
Hangzhou Dianzi University
Scholars:
1.3W
Papers: 9.6K
Citations: 7.5K
Y
yipeng street community healthcare centre
Scholars:
1
Papers: 1
Citations: 0
W
westlake university
Scholars:
5.3K
Papers: 3.7K
Citations: 8
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Cited Papers

Cited Papers

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants
errLANCET
IF88.5
err2021-09-01
err1.7K
errOAAI
errZhou, Bin; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.; Danaei, Goodarz; Riley, Leanne M.; Paciorek, Christopher J.; Stevens, Gretchen A.; Gregg, Edward W.; Bennett, James E.; Solomon, Bethlehem; Singleton, Rosie K.; Sophiea, Marisa K.; Iurilli, Maria L. C.; Lhoste, Victor P. F.; Cowan, Melanie J.; Savin, Stefan; Woodward, Mark; Balanova, Yulia; Cifkova, Renata; Damasceno, Albertino; Elliott, Paul; Farzadfar, Farshad; He, Jiang; Ikeda, Nayu; Kengne, Andre P.; Khang, Young-Ho; Kim, Hyeon Chang; Laxmaiah, Avula; Lin, Hsien-Ho; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Miranda, J. Jaime; Neuhauser, Hannelore; Sundstrom, Johan; Varghese, Cherian; Widyahening, Indah S.; Zdrojewski, Tomasz; Ezzati, Majid; Abarca-Gomez, Leandra; Abdeen, Ziad A.; Rahim, Hanan F. Abdul; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.; Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin; Adams, Robert J.; Aekplakorn, Wichai; Afsana, Kaosar; Afzal, Shoaib; Agdeppa, Imelda A.; Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.; Agyemang, Charles; Ahmad, Noor Ani; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmadi, Naser; Ahmadi, Nastaran; Ahmadizar, Fariba; Ahmed, Soheir H.; Ahrens, Wolfgang; Ajlouni, Kamel; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa; Alarouj, Monira; AlBuhairan, Fadia; AlDhukair, Shahla; Ali, Mohamed M.; Alkandari, Abdullah; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Allin, Kristine; Aly, Eman; Amarapurkar, Deepak N.; Amougou, Norbert; Amouyel, Philippe; Andersen, Lars Bo; Anderssen, Sigmund A.; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Ansong, Daniel; Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer; Araujo, Joana; Ariansen, Inger; Aris, Tahir; Arku, Raphael E.; Arlappa, Nimmathota; Aryal, Krishna K.; Aspelund, Thor; Assah, Felix K.; Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F.; Auvinen, Juha; Avdicova, Maria; Azevedo, Ana; Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen; Azizi, Fereidoun; Azmin, Mehrdad; Babu, Bontha V.; Bahijri, Suhad; Balakrishna, Nagalla; Balanova, Yulia; Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed; Banach, Maciej; Banadinovic, Maja; Bandosz, Piotr; Banegas, Jose R.; Baran, Joanna; Barbagallo, Carlo M.; Barcelo, Alberto; Barkat, Amina; Barreto, Marta; Barros, Aluisio J. 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G.; Kengne, Andre P.; Keramati, Maryam; Kerimkulova, Alina; Kersting, Mathilde; Key, Timothy; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khalili, Davood; Khang, Young-Ho; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Kheiri, Bahareh; Kheradmand, Motahareh; Khosravi, Alireza; Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula; Kiechl, Stefan; Killewo, Japhet; Kim, Dong Wook; Kim, Hyeon Chang; Kim, Jeongseon; Klakk, Heidi; Klimek, Magdalena; Klumbiene, Jurate; Knoflach, Michael; Kolle, Elin; Kolsteren, Patrick; Kontto, Jukka P.; Korpelainen, Raija; Korrovits, Paul; Kos, Jelena; Koskinen, Seppo; Kouda, Katsuyasu; Kowlessur, Sudhir; Koziel, Slawomir; Kratenova, Jana; Kriaucioniene, Vilma; Kristensen, Peter Lund; Krokstad, Steiner; Kromhout, Daan; Kruger, Herculina S.; Kubinova, Ruzena; Kuciene, Renata; Kujala, Urho M.; Kulaga, Zbigniew; Kumar, R. Krishna; Kurjata, Pawel; Kusuma, Yadlapalli S.; Kutsenko, Vladimir; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Kyobutungi, Catherine; Laatikainen, Tiina; Lachat, Carl; Laid, Youcef; Lam, Tai Hing; Landrove, Orlando; Lanska, Vera; Lappas, Georg; Larijani, Bagher; Latt, Tint Swe; Laxmaiah, Avula; Le Coroller, Gwenaelle; Khanh Le Nguyen Bao; Le, Tuyen D.; Lee, Jeannette; Lee, Jeonghee; Lehmann, Nils; Lehtimaki, Terho; Lemogoum, Daniel; Levitt, Naomi S.; Li, Yanping; Lilly, Christa L.; Lim, Wei-Yen; Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda; Lin, Hsien-Ho; Lin, Xu; Lin, Yi-Ting; Lind, Lars; Lingam, Vijaya; Linneberg, Allan; Lissner, Lauren; Litwin, Mieczyslaw; Lo, Wei-Cheng; Loit, Helle-Mai; Lopez-Garcia, Esther; Lopez, Tania; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lozano, Jose Eugenio; Lovrencic, Iva Lukacevic; Lukrafka, Janice L.; Luksiene, Dalia; Lundqvist, Annamari; Lundqvist, Robert; Lunet, Nuno; Lustigova, Michala; Luszczki, Edyta; Ma, Guansheng; Ma, Jun; Machado-Coelho, George L. 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K.; Miranda, J. Jaime; Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza; Mirrakhimov, Erkin; Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta; Modesti, Pietro A.; Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi; Mohajer, Bahram; Mohamed, Mostafa K.; Mohamed, Shukri F.; Mohammad, Kazem; Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza; Mohammadi, Zahra; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohammadpourhodki, Reza; Mohan, Viswanathan; Mohanna, Salim; Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd; Mohebbi, Iraj; Mohebi, Farnam; Moitry, Marie; Mollehave, Line T.; Molnar, Denes; Momenan, Amirabbas; Mondo, Charles K.; Monterrubio-Flores, Eric; Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K.; Moon, Jin Soo; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Moreira, Leila B.; Morejon, Alain; Moreno, Luis A.; Morgan, Karen; Moschonis, George; Mossakowska, Malgorzata; Mostafa, Aya; Mostafavi, Seyed-Ali; Mota, Jorge; Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel; Motta, Jorge; Andre Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos; Mridha, Malay K.; Msyamboza, Kelias P.; Mu, Thet Thet; Muhihi, Alfa J.; Muiesan, Maria L.; Muller-Nurasyid, Martina; Murphy, Neil; Mursu, Jaakko; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Milanovic, Sanja Music; Musil, Vera; Mustafa, Norlaila; Nabipour, Iraj; Naderimagham, Shohreh; Nagel, Gabriele; Naidu, Balkish M.; Najafi, Farid; Nakamura, Harunobu; Namesna, Jana; Nang, Ei Ei K.; Nangia, Vinay B.; Narake, Sameer; Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba; Neal, William A.; Nejatizadeh, Azim; Nenko, Ilona; Neovius, Martin; Neuhauser, Hannelore K.; Nguyen, Chung T.; Nguyen, Nguyen D.; Nguyen, Quang V.; Quang Ngoc Nguyen; Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E.; Niiranen, Teemu J.; Nikitin, Yury P.; Ninomiya, Toshiharu; Nishtar, Sania; Njelekela, Marina A.; Noale, Marianna; Noboa, Oscar A.; Noorbala, Ahmad Ali; Norat, Teresa; Nordendahl, Maria; Nordestgaard, Borge G.; Noto, Davide; Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia; Al Nsour, Mohannad; Nunes, Baltazar; O'Neill, Terence W.; O'Reilly, Dermot; Ochimana, Caleb; Oda, Eiji; Odili, Augustine N.; Oh, Kyungwon; Ohara, Kumiko; Ohtsuka, Ryutaro; Olie, Valerie; Olinto, Maria Teresa A.; Oliveira, Isabel O.; Omar, Mohd Azahadi; Onat, Altan; Ong, Sok King; Ono, Lariane M.; Ordunez, Pedro; Ornelas, Rui; Ortiz, Pedro J.; Osmond, Clive; Ostojic, Sergej M.; Ostovar, Afshin; Otero, Johanna A.; Overvad, Kim; Owusu-Dabo, Ellis; Paccaud, Fred Michel; Padez, Cristina; Pahomova, Elena; de Paiva, Karina Mary; Pajak, Andrzej; Palli, Domenico; Palmieri, Luigi; Pan, Wen-Harn; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Panza, Francesco; Paoli, Mariela; Papandreou, Dimitrios; Park, Soon-Woo; Park, Suyeon; Parnell, Winsome R.; Parsaeian, Mahboubeh; Pasquet, Patrick; Patel, Nikhil D.; Pavlyshyn, Halyna; Pecin, Ivan; Pednekar, Mangesh S.; Pedro, Joao M.; Peer, Nasheeta; Peixoto, Sergio Viana; Peltonen, Markku; Pereira, Alexandre C.; Peres, Karen G. 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Rinke; Ritti-Dias, Raphael M.; Robitaille, Cynthia; Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando; del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria; Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A.; Roggenbuck, Ulla; Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba; Romaguera, Dora; Romeo, Elisabetta L.; Rosengren, Annika; Roy, Joel G. R.; Rubinstein, Adolfo; Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard; Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca; Ruiz-Castell, Maria; Rusakova, Iuliia A.; Russo, Paola; Rutkowski, Marcin; Sabanayagam, Charumathi; Sabbaghi, Hamideh; Sachdev, Harshpal S.; Sadjadi, Alireza; Safarpour, Ali Reza; Safi, Sare; Safiri, Saeid; Saidi, Olfa; Sakarya, Sibel; Saki, Nader; Salanave, Benoit; Salazar Martinez, Eduardo; Salmeron, Diego; Salomaa, Veikko; Salonen, Jukka T.; Salvetti, Massimo; Sanchez-Abanto, Jose; Sans, Susana; Santos, Diana A.; Santos, Ina S.; Santos, Lelita C.; Santos, Maria Paula; Santos, Rute; Saramies, Jouko L.; Sardinha, Luis B.; Sarganas, Giselle; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu; Saum, Kai-Uwe; Savva, Savvas; Sawada, Norie; Sbaraini, Mariana; Scazufca, Marcia; Schaan, Beatriz D.; Schargrodsky, Herman; Schipf, Sabine; Schmidt, Carsten O.; Schnohr, Peter; Schoettker, Ben; Schramm, Sara; Schultsz, Constance; Schutte, Aletta E.; Sebert, Sylvain; Sein, Aye Aye; Sen, Abhijit; Senbanjo, Idowu O.; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Servais, Jennifer; Shalnova, Svetlana A.; Shamah-Levy, Teresa; Shamshirgaran, Morteza; Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam; Sharafkhah, Maryam; Sharma, Sanjib K.; Shaw, Jonathan E.; Shayanrad, Amaneh; Shayesteh, Ali Akbar; Shi, Zumin; Shibuya, Kenji; Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana; Shin, Dong Wook; Shirani, Majid; Shiri, Rahman; Shrestha, Namuna; Si-Ramlee, Khairil; Siani, Alfonso; Siantar, Rosalynn; Sibai, Abla M.; de Moura Silva, Caroline Ramos; Santos Silva, Diego Augusto; Simon, Mary; Simons, Judith; Simons, Leon A.; Sjostrom, Michael; Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta; Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw; Smeeth, Liam; So, Hung-Kwan; Soares, Fernanda Cunha; Sobngwi, Eugene; Soderberg, Stefan; Soemantri, Agustinus; Sofat, Reecha; Solfrizzi, Vincenzo; Somi, Mohammad Hossein; Sonestedt, Emily; Song, Yi; Sorensen, Thorkild I. A.; Sorgjerd, Elin P.; Soric, Maroje; Jerome, Charles Sossa; Soumare, Aicha; Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente; Sparrenberger, Karen; Staessen, Jan A.; Starc, Gregor; Stavreski, Bill; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein; Stehle, Peter; Stein, Aryeh D.; Stergiou, George S.; Stessman, Jochanan; Stieber, Jutta; Stoeckl, Doris; Stocks, Tanja; Stokwiszewski, Jakub; Stronks, Karien; Strufaldi, Maria Wany; Suka, Machi; Sun, Chien-An; Sundstrom, Johan; Sung, Yn-Tz; Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul; Sy, Rody G.; Syddall, Holly E.; Sylva, Rene Charles; Szklo, Moyses; Tai, E. Shyong; Tammesoo, Mari-Liis; Tamosiunas, Abdonas; Tan, Eng Joo; Tang, Xun; Tanser, Frank; Tao, Yong; Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul; Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B.; Taylor, Anne; Taylor, Julie; Tebar, William R.; Tell, Grethe S.; Tello, Tania; Tham, Yih Chung; Thankappan, K. R.; Theobald, Holger; Theodoridis, Xenophon; Thijs, Lutgarde; Thinggaard, Mikael; Thomas, Nihal; Thorand, Barbara; Thuesen, Betina H.; Timmermans, Erik J.; Tjandrarini, Dwi H.; Tjonneland, Anne; Toft, Ulla; Tolonen, Hanna K.; Tolstrup, Janne S.; Topbas, Murat; Topor-Madry, Roman; Jose Tormo, Maria; Tornaritis, Michael J.; Torrent, Maties; Torres-Collado, Laura; Touloumi, Giota; Traissac, Pierre; Triantafyllou, Areti; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Trinh, Oanh T. H.; Trivedi, Atul; Tshepo, Lechaba; Tsugane, Shoichiro; Tuliakova, Azaliia M.; Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K.; Tullu, Fikru; Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Turley, Maria L.; Twig, Gilad; Tynelius, Per; Tzourio, Christophe; Ueda, Peter; Ugel, Eunice; Ulmer, Hanno; Uusitalo, Hannu M. T.; Valdivia, Gonzalo; Valvi, Damaskini; van Dam, Rob M.; van den Born, Bert-Jan; Van der Heyden, Johan; van der Schouw, Yvonne T.; Van Herck, Koen; Hoang Van Minh; Van Schoor, Natasja M.; van Valkengoed, Irene G. M.; van Zutphen, Elisabeth M.; Vanderschueren, Dirk; Vanuzzo, Diego; Varbo, Anette; Vasan, Senthil K.; Vega, Tomas; Veidebaum, Toomas; Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo; Veronesi, Giovanni; Verschuren, W. M. Monique; Verstraeten, Roosmarijn; Victora, Cesar G.; Viet, Lucie; Villalpando, Salvador; Vineis, Paolo; Vioque, Jesus; Virtanen, Jyrki K.; Visvikis-Siest, Sophie; Viswanathan, Bharathi; Vlasoff, Tiina; Vollenweider, Peter; Voutilainen, Ari; Wade, Alisha N.; Walton, Janette; Wambiya, Elvis O. A.; Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan; Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan; Wanderley Junior, Rildo de Souza; Wang, Ming-Dong; Wang, Ningli; Wang, Qian; Wang, Xiangjun; Wang, Ya Xing; Wang, Ying-Wei; Wannamethee, S. Goya; Wareham, Nicholas; Wei, Wenbin; Weres, Aneta; Werner, Bo; Whincup, Peter H.; Widhalm, Kurt; Widyahening, Indah S.; Wiecek, Andrzej; Wilks, Rainford J.; Willeit, Johann; Willeit, Peter; Williams, Emmanuel A.; Wilsgaard, Tom; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Wong-McClure, Roy A.; Wong, Andrew; Wong, Tien Yin; Woo, Jean; Woodward, Mark; Wu, Frederick C.; Wu, Shouling; Wyszynska, Justyna; Xu, Haiquan; Xu, Liang; Yaacob, Nor Azwany; Yan, Weili; Yang, Ling; Yang, Xiaoguang; Yang, Yang; Yasuharu, Tabara; Ye, Xingwang; Yiallouros, Panayiotis K.; Yoosefi, Moein; Yoshihara, Akihiro; You, San-Lin; Younger-Coleman, Novie O.; Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi; Zainuddin, Ahmad A.; Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul; Zamani, Farhad; Zambon, Sabina; Zampelas, Antonis; Elisa Zapata, Maria; Zaw, Ko Ko; Zdrojewski, Tomasz; Zejglicova, Kristyna; Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic; Zeng, Yi; Zhang, Luxia; Zhang, Zhen-Yu; Zhao, Dong; Zhao, Ming-Hui; Zhen, Shiqi; Zheng, Yingfeng; Zholdin, Bekbolat; Zhu, Dan; Zins, Marie; Zitt, Emanuel; Zocalo, Yanina; Zoghlami, Nada; Zuniga Cisneros, Julio
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Electroencephalography-based motor imagery classification using temporal convolutional network fusion
err2021-08-01
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PREAI
errMusallam, Yazeed K.; AlFassam, Nasser I.; Muhammad, Ghulam; Amin, Syed Umar; Alsulaiman, Mansour; Abdul, Wadood; Altaheri, Hamdi; Bencherif, Mohamed A.; Algabri, Mohammed
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Relation between blood pressure and pulse wave velocity for human arteries
err2018-10-15
err217
errOAAI
errMa, Yinji; Choi, Jungil; Hourlier-Fargette, Aurelie; Xue, Yeguang; Chung, Ha Uk; Lee, Jong Yoon; Wang, Xiufeng; Xie, Zhaoqian; Kang, Daeshik; Wang, Heling; Han, Seungyong; Kang, Seung-Kyun; Kang, Yisak; Yu, Xinge; Slepian, Marvin J.; Raj, Milan S.; Model, Jeffrey B.; Feng, Xue; Ghaffari, Roozbeh; Rogers, John A.; Huang, Yonggang
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Methods of Blood Pressure Measurement in the ICU
err2013-01-01
err168
errOAAI
errLehman, Li-wei H.; Saeed, Mohammed; Talmor, Daniel; Mark, Roger; Malhotra, Atul
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IF0
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PREAI
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