A DCT-based Mod4 steganographic method

KokSheik Wong

doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2006.10.014

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A DCT-based Mod4 steganographic method

2007-06-01

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KokSheik Wong *

Xiaojun Qi

Kiyoshi Tanaka

DOI：10.1016/j.sigpro.2006.10.014

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Abstract

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This paper presents a novel MoN steganographic method in discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain. Mod4 is a blind steganographic method. A group of 2 x 2 spatially adjacent quantized DCT coefficients (GQC) is selected as the valid message carrier. The modulus 4 arithmetic operation is then applied to the valid GQC to embed a pair of bits. When modification is required for data embedding, the shortest route modification scheme is applied to reduce distortion as compared to the ordinary direct modification scheme. MoN is capable in embedding information into both uncompressed and JPEG-compressed image. To compare Mod4 with other existing methods, carrier capacity, stego image quality, and results of blind steganalysis for 500 various images are shown. Visual comparison of three additional metrics is also presented to show the relative performance of Mod4 among other existing methods. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords:

steganography

GQC

vGQC

shortest route modification

JPEG

modulus arithmetic

steganalysis

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