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A decade of antimicrobial resistance in Vibrio spp.: genomic and functional insights
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DOI：10.1128/spectrum.02162-25.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Environmental pressures and repeated exposure to antimicrobials drive microbial evolution, often through genomic changes or acquisition of mobile genetic elements that enhance fitness and resistance. This has critically influenced the control of cholera, particularly with the emergence of multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae strains, such as those recently reported in Yemen. To explore the long-term dynamics of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), we analyzed 149 clinical Vibrio isolates collected in India over 16 years (2008-2023), including five cases of Vibrio paracholerae. Phenotypic testing revealed widespread multidrug resistance, while whole-genome sequencing (WGS) uncovered both known and atypical AMR determinants. Phylogenomic analysis showed diverse clustering patterns, with pan-genome comparisons identifying species-specific genomic regions despite overall high similarity. Notably, V. paracholerae lacked the canonical cholera toxin gene (ctxAB) but harbored alternative virulence factors, including hlyA, chxA, proteases, and type VI secretion system components, supporting its role as a non-cholera enteric pathogen of concern. Our study underscores the importance of long-term surveillance and comparative genomic profiling to understand AMR evolution and guide cholera management in endemic regions.IMPORTANCEThis study highlights how long-term environmental and antimicrobial pressures shape the evolution of Vibrio species, leading to multidrug resistance and genomic diversification. By analyzing 16 years of clinical isolates from a major cholera-endemic region in India, including emerging Vibrio paracholerae cases, we reveal both known and novel resistance mechanisms and virulence factors. These findings emphasize the need for sustained genomic surveillance to track evolving resistance trajectories and support effective control strategies for cholera and related enteric infections in endemic regions.
Keywords:
antimicrobial resistance
phylogenetic analysis
Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio paracholerae
comparative proteomics
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