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A hybrid risk-based neutrosophic decision support system for the sustainable segregation of biomedical waste
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DOI：10.1016/j.rineng.2026.112300.png)
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Abstract
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• The paper contributes in five different ways to this research domain through developing a combined fuzzy-neutrosophic WASPAS methodology to evaluate biomedical waste segregation approaches under practical uncertainty conditions. • To incorporate decision-making under uncertainty conditions, the risk index is utilized as the key criterion in a decision matrix alongside criteria of Cost, Safety, Speed, and Ease of Implementation. • Six alternatives for biomedical waste segregation are compared using the WASPAS technique with neutrosophic extensions, where the Weighted Sum Model and Weighted Product Model methods are integrated with a balancing factor λ = 0.5. • The stability of rankings with respect to decision-makers’ preferences is verified via a detailed four-layer sensitivity and stability analysis involving five weight profiles, Spearman rank correlation, Wilcoxon method risk weight progression, and comparative evaluation among WSM, WPM, and WASPAS techniques. • The proposed methodology can contribute to achieving SDGs 3, 6, 7, 11, and 13 by offering a reliable and sustainable decision support approach to hospital managers and environmental policy makers working under uncertain circumstances.
Keywords:
Biomedical waste
Neutrosophic sets
Sustainability
MCDM approaches
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