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A long road to soil health restoration: earthworms and soil structure show partial recovery in 18-year-old forest skid trails
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DOI：10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109953.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
• Soil compaction caused earthworms to disappear in fresh skid trails. • Higher earthworm abundance in 18 years old skid trails, except for adult anecics. • X-ray imaging shows full porosity/connectivity recovery at 5 cm, partial at 15 cm • Biologically active topsoil over compacted hardpan due to depth-limited recovery. • Changes in rock fragment orientation from trafficking may be irreversible.
Keywords:
soil health
timber harvesting
forestry
skid trail
earthworms
X-ray tomography
Vienna Woods
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