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A novel sunflower-inspired reentrant honeycomb with enhanced in-plane energy absorption
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DOI：10.1080/15376494.2026.2688868.png)
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Abstract
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In this study, a novel honeycomb structure inspired by the sunflower pattern combined with reentrant geometry is introduced. In this auxetic design, the size of hexagonal cells decreases gradually along the radius to facilitate improved stress distribution and enhanced energy absorption (EA) efficiency. Furthermore, the effect of using polyurethane foam as a filler in the cell spaces was evaluated. Specimens were fabricated from Polylactic Acid (PLA) using 3D printing and after foam injection, were tested under quasi-static loading. The results indicated that the proposed bio-inspired structure, in both empty and foam-filled states, exhibited EA values of 1224.22 and 1609.09 J, and specific energy absorption (SEA) values of 8.06 J/g and 9.29 J/g, respectively. This represents significant increases of 719% and 285% in EA, and 355% and 160% in SEA compared to the conventional honeycomb structure. Analysis shows that the synergy between gradient geometry and the auxetic structure, particularly in the presence of polyurethane foam, significantly improves elastic response, load distribution, and crushing resistance. Consequently, the proposed hybrid structure demonstrates high potential for use as an energy absorber in applications such as sandwich panel cores, aerodynamic components, and automotive protection systems.
Keywords:
Honeycomb structure
energy absorber
3D printer
sunflower
Reentrant structure
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