A practical multi-layered framework for post-quantum secure machine learning

doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2025.113044

A practical multi-layered framework for post-quantum secure machine learning

2025-11-12

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DOI：10.1016/j.engappai.2025.113044

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• A multi-layer framework integrates PQC, FHE, ZK-STARKs, and blockchain. • Implements threshold Kyber for distributed, post-quantum ML key management. • Combines FHE for private inference with ZK-STARKs for verifiable integrity. • Provides comprehensive benchmarks on performance and security trade-offs. • Achieves NIST Level 3 quantum resistance for end-to-end model security.

A practical multi-layered framework for post-quantum secure machine learning

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