A regularised force-doublet framework for self-propelled microswimmers

Alexander Hoover

doi:10.1017/jfm.2025.138

A regularised force-doublet framework for self-propelled microswimmers

2025-04-11

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Alexander Hoover *

P

Priya Shilpa Boindala

R

Ricardo Cortez

DOI：10.1017/jfm.2025.138

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Abstract

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A single particle representation of a self-propelled microorganism in a viscous incompressible fluid is derived based on regularised Stokeslets in three dimensions. The formulation is developed from a limiting process in which two regularised Stokeslets of equal and opposite strength but with different size regularisation parameters approach each other. A parameter that captures the size difference in regularisation provides the asymmetry needed for propulsion. We show that the resulting limit is the superposition of a regularised stresslet and a potential dipole. The model framework is then explored relative to the model parameters to provide insight into their selection. The particular case of two identical particles swimming next to each other is presented and their stability is investigated. Additional flow characteristics are incorporated into the modelling framework with in the addition of a rotlet double to characterise rotational flows present during swimming. Lastly, we show the versatility of deriving the model in the method of regularised Stokeslets framework to model wall effects of an infinite plane wall using the method of images.

Keywords:

propulsion

microorganism dynamics

collective behaviour

A regularised force-doublet framework for self-propelled microswimmers

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