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A review on thymoquinone: a promising therapeutic molecule in Alzheimer's
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DOI：10.1080/1028415X.2026.2682949.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss, cognitive decline, amyloid- β deposition, tau pathology, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Thymoquinone (TQ), the principal bioactive constituent of Nigella sativa (NS), has emerged as a promising candidate for AD management because of its neuroprotective properties. This review summarizes current evidence on the therapeutic potential of TQ in AD, with emphasis on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloid, anti-tau, and cholinergic-modulating actions. Experimental studies indicate that TQ can reduce oxidative damage, suppress NF- κB- and TLR-associated inflammatory signaling, limit amyloid- β accumulation, modulate tau-related pathology, and improve neuronal survival and cognitive performance in several AD models. The review also discusses delivery strategies to improve the bioavailability and brain targeting of TQ, including nanoformulation-based approaches. Although the available pre-clinical findings support the therapeutic promise of TQ. The well-designed clinical studies are required to establish its efficacy, safety, optimal dosing, and long-term translational value in treating AD.
Keywords:
Alzheimer's disease (AD)
amyloid beta (Aβ)
thymoquinone (TQ)
amyloid precursor protein (APP)
Nigella sativa (NS)
nitric oxide (NO)
superoxide dismutase (SOD)
toll-like receptor (TLR)
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