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A Sensorless Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System Using Whale Optimization Algorithm: Design and Experimental Evaluation
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DOI：10.1002/ente.202500927.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Maximizing solar energy capture requires the continuous alignment of photovoltaic panels perpendicular to incoming solar radiation. However, traditional sensor-based tracking systems face challenges such as calibration issues, installation complexity, and environmental susceptibility, while sensorless tracking systems often require extensive datasets and incur high computational costs. To address these limitations, this study proposes a sensorless dual-axis solar tracking system based on the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to enhance energy generation while reducing computational complexity and tracking energy consumption. The WOA-based tracking system is tested over 35 days (October 2023 to April 2024) at King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Thailand. It is benchmarked against two systems: a particle filter (PF) system and a fixed system. The results indicate that the WOA-based system achieves improvements in average daily net energy gain of 16% and 42% compared to the PF and fixed flat-plate systems, respectively. Additionally, it reduces average time and energy consumption per tracking cycle by 13% and 14%, respectively, and memory footprint by 24% compared to the PF-based system.
Keywords:
metaheuristic
photovoltaic
solar energy
solar tracking systems
whale optimization algorithms
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