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A study of Padé-approximated wormholes and light deflection angle in f(R) -massive gravity
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DOI：10.1016/j.aop.2026.170600.png)
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Abstract
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In this work, we investigate the physical aspects of wormhole (WH) solutions within the fabric of f(R) -massive gravity. To achieve this goal, we impose a novel form of Padé approximated shape function, b(r)=r0−n(r0−r)[1+r0csch(r0)sech(r0)] and develop the corresponding solutions of the WH geometries for three distinct redshift functions (ϕ(r)) , namely ϕ(r)= constant, ϕ(r)=σr and ϕ(r)=log[1+ηr] . The physical viability of the reported shape function is investigated through an essential metric criterion, which is satisfied nicely under the allowed range values of n . Further, we constrained the ranges of model parameters for the validity/invalidity regions of energy conditions for the constructed WH solutions. Existence of exotic matter (EM) in a few regions of spacetime elaborates that one can construct the traversable WH solutions with minimal usage of EM under considered mechanism. Moreover, using the Gauss–Bonnet theorem, we investigate the physical behavior of weak gravitational lensing corresponding to each redshift function for different values of relevant parameters. The results are depicting that as bˆ→∞ , the deflection angle θ approaches zero, which is consistent with the standard gravitational lensing nature.
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