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A sustained-release strategy of fluorinated solvents enables highly safe lithium metal batteries
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DOI：10.1039/D5EE03640B.png)
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Abstract
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The practical deployment of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is hindered by the electrolyte's flammability; high heat release; and poor interfacial stability. Although fluorinated solvents contribute to interfacial stability and enhanced thermal safety; the low polarizability of fluorine atoms weakens intermolecular forces; leading to rapid volatilization and diminished flame-retardant performance. In this study; we propose a sustained-release strategy termed “molecular anchoring and thermoresponsive polymer encapsulation”. This strategy significantly enhances the flame-retardant efficiency of 2; 2; 2-trifluoroethyl carbonate (FEMC) during thermal runaway. Compared to 1 M LiPF6–FEMC; in the electrolyte based on the proposed strategy volatilization can be curtailed by approximately 78.8%; and the peak volatilization rate can be decreased by 1.71%/°C. Accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) tests indicate that the application of the sustained-release strategy effectively improves the thermal safety of the battery. For commercial electrolytes; the onset temperature of thermal runaway (Ttr) ranges from 128.4 °C to 206.8 °C; while the maximum exothermic temperature (Tmax) ranges from 546.3 °C to 329.1 °C; and the peak heating rate ranges from 107.2 °C s−1 to 59.8 °C s−1. This study suggests that the sustained-release strategy of fluorinated solvents provides new insights for the development of high-safety batteries.
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