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A Symmetric Dual-Waveguide Three-Beam Hybrid Interferometer With the Refractive Index Modulation-Induced Vernier Effect for Simultaneous Measurement of Seawater Temperature and Salinity
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PRE
AI
J
R
吕
蔡
陈
Y
Y
DOI：10.1109/jlt.2026.3703858.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
This paper proposes a symmetrical dual-waveguide three-beam hybrid interferometer with the refractive index (RI) modulation-induced Vernier effect, enabling synchronous detection of both seawater temperature and salinity parameters. It is mainly composed of single-mode fiber (SMF), suspended-core photonic crystal fiber (SCPCF), and multi-mode fiber. By means of femtosecond laser inscription on the cladding of the SCPCF to enable the construction of a UV glue-filled temperature-sensitive area and a direct contact with seawater salinity-sensitive area, and writing symmetrical dual-waveguides in the SMF to connect the temperature and salinity sensitive areas respectively, the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) is constructed to achieve customized zone measurement and solve the core problem of cross-interference between temperature and salinity. When the difference of RIs between the UV glue and SCPCF is close to but not equal to the difference of RIs between the SCPCF and seawater, the MZI generates two adjacent interference frequencies, thereby forming the Vernier effect based on RI modulation and increasing the response to seawater temperature and salinity. In this way, simultaneous measurement of seawater temperature and salinity is achieved. The results show that the salinity sensitivity is -1.016 nm/‰ within the salinity range of 9.73 - 53.20‰ and the temperature sensitivity is 1.312 nm/°C within the temperature range of 4.779-40.405 °C. It has good repeatability and stability, providing experimental and theoretical support for the miniaturization and low-interference development of seawater sensing technology.
Keywords:
Femtosecond laser micromachining technology
fiber-optic sensor
measurement of seawater temperature and salinity
Vernier effect
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4.8
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3.8W
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