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A three-stage algorithm for phase synchronization in bidirectional IPT systems using DC current sensing
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DOI：10.1016/j.rineng.2026.112703.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
This paper proposes a practical phase synchronization algorithm for bidirectional inductive power transfer (IPT) systems, with primary emphasis on wireless charging interfaces for electric vehicle (EV) applications. The proposed approach adjusts the phase angle between the transmitter and receiver converters based solely on the EV-side DC battery current measurement, enabling grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation without requiring additional sensing hardware or complex signal-processing techniques. A mathematical model is established to describe the relationship between phase angle, transferred power, and DC battery current, providing the basis for the proposed three-stage synchronization procedure. The method is designed to perform synchronization before activating the current-control loop while maintaining low computational complexity and straightforward implementation. Experimental validation on a 3 kW prototype under four vertical coil separations demonstrates convergence in fewer than 10 iterations in all tested cases with measured phase errors within a few degrees. Compared with existing AC-based synchronization techniques, the proposed algorithm does not depend on additional high-frequency sensing hardware and, relative to conventional DC-based strategies, provides competitive convergence performance through its three-stage phase adjustment procedure.
Keywords:
Inductive power transfer
Phase synchronization
Bidirectional power flow
Electrical vehicle
DC current measurement
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