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A Unified Computationally Efficient Model Predictive Control for Multilevel Inverter–Fed Multiphase PMSM Drives for Electric Vehicles
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DOI：10.1109/OJVT.2026.3672614.png)
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Abstract
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Multiphase PMSM drives fed by multilevel inverters are attractive for transportation electrification because they deliver high reliability, smooth torque, and good voltage quality. However, finite-control-set MPC in these multiphase, high-level converters suffers from an exponential growth of switching candidates, which jeopardizes real-time implementation on automotive-grade controllers. This paper aims to develop a generalized MPC scheme that preserves dynamic performance while drastically reducing computational burden. The proposed method restricts the evaluation to at most <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ 2m$</tex-math></inline-formula> (with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula> denoting the number of phases) neighbouring switching states around the present vector, independent of inverter level, thereby shrinking the search space from <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n^{m}$</tex-math></inline-formula> (where <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of inverter levels) to a small fixed set. An outer ultra-local model-free speed controller generates the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$i_{q}^{\ast }$</tex-math></inline-formula> reference directly from speed and current measurements, removing PI retuning across machines and converter configurations. Simulation and dSPACE-based experimental results on three- and five-phase PMSM drives with three-, five-, and seven-level inverters show balanced, nearly sinusoidal currents with reduced current THD and torque ripple comparable to or better than conventional MPC, while keeping execution time within the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$< 100\,\mu \text{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula> budget for 10 kHz operation. These results confirm the real-time feasibility, harmonic-quality improvement, and scalability of the proposed strategy for multiphase, multilevel traction drives.
Keywords:
Model predictive control (MPC)
finite-control-set MPC (FCS–MPC)
multilevel inverters
multiphase PMSM drives
ultra-local model-free control
computational complexity reduction
electric vehicle traction drives
torque ripple
current THD
dSPACE experimental validation
Journal
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4.8
Papers:
493
Citations:
987
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