Accelerated crystal growth in pseudo-recycled LiNi0.65Mn0.2Co0.15O2 due to Cu incorporation

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.09.107

Accelerated crystal growth in pseudo-recycled LiNi0.65Mn0.2Co0.15O2 due to Cu incorporation

2025-09-11

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C

Courtney‐Elyce M. Lewis *

Joseph F. S. Fernando

D

Dmitri Golberg

DOI：10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.09.107

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Lithium-ion battery (LIB) recycling has recently gained much traction in academic communities due to the need for environmentally sustainable acquisition methods for battery materials. Common recycling methods often introduce impurities such as Cu into the recovery stream. Cu, being chemically similar to nickel, is often expensive and time-consuming to remove. However, despite the consensus that an overabundance of Cu contamination negatively impacts material quality, its exact effects on the materials’ physiochemical properties are still relatively unreported. In this work, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the effects of Cu addition to NMC; a common cathode active material (CAM). This was done through the development of a pseudo-recycled CAM by doping varying concentrations of Cu into NMC-622 during the co-precipitation synthesis. Once calcined, these Cu-doped materials were then compared against a pristine NMC sample synthesised under identical conditions. It was found that the introduction of Cu into the NMC system had a significant impact on calcination properties, which at higher concentrations showed sintering effects including a primary particle aspect ratio growth of 200 %, an important parameter when developing single-crystal CAM. In addition, the Cu impacted the crystallite size and degree of cation mixing, encouraging the integration of Li+ into the structure.

Accelerated crystal growth in pseudo-recycled LiNi0.65Mn0.2Co0.15O2 due to Cu incorporation

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