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Achieving the ultimate optical resolution
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DOI：10.1364/OPTICA.3.001144.png)
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Abstract
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The Rayleigh criterion specifies the minimum separation between two incoherent point sources that may be resolved into distinct objects. We revisit this problem by examining the Fisher information required for resolving the two sources. The resulting Cramer-Rao bound gives the minimum error achievable for any unbiased estimator. When only the intensity in the image plane is recorded, this bound diverges as the separation between the sources tends to zero, an effect that has been dubbed the Rayleigh curse. Nonetheless, this curse can be lifted with suitable measurements. Here, we work out optimal strategies and present a realization for Gaussian and slit apertures, which is accomplished with digital holographic techniques. Our results confirm immunity to the Rayleigh curse and an unprecedented experimental precision. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America
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