.png){kind=icon}
.png){kind=icon}
Return
Additive manufacturing of high-nitrogen steels: process, nitrogen behavior, microstructure, properties and challenges
.png){kind=icon}
PRE
AI
K
T
F
H
R
孙
DOI：10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.116131.png)
.png){kind=icon}
Original request for help.png){kind=icon}
Share.png){kind=icon}
Save
Abstract
En 中文
High-nitrogen steel (HNS) represents a strategic class of “green steels”, in which nitrogen serves as a potent austenite stabilizer and strengthener, offering superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance compared to conventional nickel‑based steels. Additive manufacturing (AM) provides a promising route for fabricating complex HNS components with minimal machining and high material efficiency. However, the dynamic behavior of nitrogen under extreme non‑equilibrium thermal cycles poses significant challenges, including nitrogen loss, pore formation, uncontrollable microstructure evolution, and difficulty in controlling properties. A delicate control of processing conditions is highly required based on the understanding of HNS materials and AM processes. This review systematically examines the interplay between AM processes—namely laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), laser-directed energy deposition (LDED), and wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)—and the metallurgy of HNS. It covers raw material preparation strategies, in‑process nitrogen behavior control methods, microstructure evolution, and resulting mechanical and corrosion properties. Besides, prevailing challenges in precise nitrogen control, defect mitigation, and cost are outlined, with future perspectives directed towards intelligent process-material co-design, full-process digitization, and expansion into extreme applications.
Keywords:
High-nitrogen steel
Additive manufacturing
Nitrogen behavior
Porosity defect
Microstructure evolution
Journal
O
IF:
5
Papers:
1.8K
Citations:
3.5W
Organization
Cited Papers