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Adjoint ferromagnets
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DOI：10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117287.png)
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Abstract
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We derive the phase structure and thermodynamics of ferromagnets consisting of elementary magnets carrying the adjoint representation of SU(N) and coupled through two-body quadratic interactions, using a mean field approach. Such systems have a continuous SU(N) symmetry as well as a discrete conjugation symmetry. We uncover a rich spectrum of phase transitions, involving a paramagnetic and two distinct ferromagnetic phases that can coexist as stable and metastable states in different combinations over a range of temperatures. The ferromagnetic phases break SU(N) invariance in various channels, leading to spontaneous magnetization. Interestingly, the conjugation symmetry also breaks over a range of temperatures and group ranks N, providing a realization of a spontaneously broken discrete symmetry.
Keywords:
Ferromagnetism
Group theory
SU(N)
Phase transitions
Magnetization
Spontaneous symmetry breaking
Discrete symmetry
Metastability
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