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Advances in biomarkers for diagnosing and prognosticating disorders of consciousness
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DOI：10.3389/fnins.2026.1823376.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Disorders of Consciousness (DoC) resulting from brain injury comprise a spectrum of clinical syndromes; where the level of impairment varies considerably depending on lesion location; etiology; severity; and individual patient factors. These differences substantially influence both rehabilitation strategies and long-term prognosis. Current diagnostic assessment relies primarily on behavioral scales; supplemented by electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies; however; these approaches remain limited in objectivity; sensitivity; and accessibility. There is therefore a clinical need for biologically informative biomarkers to improve diagnostic precision and prognostic stratification in DoC. This narrative review synthesizes recent advances in biomarker research; encompassing proteomic; metabolomic; and microRNAs (miRNAs) signatures; across multiple biological specimens. We evaluate the findings spanning exploratory to validation stages; and discuss their translational potential; providing a valuable reference for future large-scale; multicenter investigations.
Keywords:
biomarkers
proteomics
metabolomics
traumatic brain injury
gut-brain axis
disorders of consciousness
miRNAs
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