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Advances in graft-versus-host disease: emerging therapeutic strategies; biomarker discoveries; and innovative treatment approaches
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DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2026.1816067.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a leading cause of non-relapse mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This review provides a concise overview of the clinical spectrum of GVHD; including classical acute GVHD (aGVHD); chronic GVHD (cGVHD); and overlap syndromes as defined by the NIH Consensus Criteria. We summarize key advances in precision diagnostics; including the ST2/REG3α MAGIC biomarker panel; novel B-cell subsets (cGPS); which derive from a CD27+CD86+CD20- B-cell subpopulation; and transcriptomic profiling using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and plasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA). We also examine extracellular vesicles and loss of gut microbiota diversity as critical drivers of pathogenesis. Finally; we analyze the current therapeutic landscape; distinguishing between 2024 prophylaxis recommendations and newly approved treatments for steroid-refractory disease.
Keywords:
biomarkers
cytokines
mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)
acute GVHD
chronic GVHD
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
pathogenisis
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