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Advances in the dispersal dynamics and biological control of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and its vector beetle
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DOI：10.1016/j.biocontrol.2026.106011.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is among the most devastating parasitic nematodes affecting pine trees worldwide. Its transmission depends on vector beetles, primarily of the genus Monochamus, which facilitate its spread between hosts. In turn, nematode activity promotes conditions conducive to beetle reproduction by weakening or killing host trees. This mutualistic relationship accelerates pine mortality and forest degradation. This review summarizes current knowledge on PWN transmission mechanisms and related biological control measures, including the diversity of vector species, developmental transitions to dispersal stages, regulatory factors influencing nematode carriage, and biological control agents targeting PWN and vector beetles. A better understanding of these processes will enhance the development of integrated management strategies for pine wilt disease (PWD).
Keywords:
Pine wood nematode
Vector beetles
Transmission mechanisms
Dispersal-stage juveniles
Monochamus
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