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Advances in thermal management optimizationfor small electric vehicles using lithium-ion batteries: a comprehensive review

delete2025-11-03
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K
Kaushik Das
S
Sandeep Rawat *
D
Devender Kumar Saini
DOI:10.1093/ce/zkaf065delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
The paradigm shift towards electric mobility has catalysed a substantial surge in research endeavours aimed at augmenting both the performance, life, and durability of lithium-ion batteries deployed within the confines of small electric vehicles. At the crux of this pursuit lies the imperative development of robust battery thermal management systems, indispensable for the meticulous regulation of battery temperature, thereby ensuring seamless operation and bolstering safety protocols. This review paper undertakes a comprehensive synthesis of recent strides achieved in battery thermal management systems for small electric vehicles propelled by lithium-ion batteries. Encompassing a spectrum of methodologies, ranging from passive to active cooling techniques, alongside the incorporation of phase change materials and innovative thermal interface materials, it critically evaluates these strategies. Furthermore, the discourse navigates through the prevailing challenges and charts out prospective trajectories in this domain, poised to foster the evolution of efficient and dependable battery thermal management systems tailored specifically for small electric vehicles. Numerous investigations have focused on the thermal regulation of lithium-ion batteries. Despite the prevalent excitement surrounding small electric vehicles today, the crucial matter of implementing effective battery thermal management systems in small electric vehicles has not received adequate attention, potentially diminishing customer satisfaction with small electric vehicle performance. Thus, the current study aims to delve into the thermal optimization of lithium-ion batteries for small electric vehicles. Initially, the study investigates into discussing design parameters for battery thermal management systems, referencing research conducted on thermal stability, particularly concerning thermal runaway, and the performance of electric vehicles in subzero temperatures regarding battery thermal management systems. Furthermore, the study places emphasis on reviewing and analysing various theoretical and practical heat transfer techniques applied by researchers to lithium-ion batteries to enhance battery thermal management systems. Consequently, the paper’s novel contribution lies in bridging the gap between researchers and manufacturers regarding battery thermal management systems in small electric vehicles, thus propelling innovative battery designs for improved battery thermal management systems in small electric vehicles.
Keywords:
lithium-ion batteries
thermal management systems
small electric vehicles
heat transfer techniques
thermal runaway
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Clean Energy
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U
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