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Advancing Dentin Biomimetic Mineralization: From Non-collagenous Proteins to Multifunctional Material Design
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DOI：10.1016/j.actbio.2026.05.008.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Dentin biomimetic mineralization, particularly intrafibrillar mineralization, is crucial for restoring the biomechanical properties of demineralized dentin and enhancing the restoration interface. Non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) may regulate dentin biomineralization through various mechanisms, among which the polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) is widely accepted. This review provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge strategies and materials that mimic the functions of NCPs in order to achieve effective dentin biomimetic mineralization. Beginning with the natural biomineralization process of dentin, the advantages of biomimetic mineralization are elaborated in this review, followed by a classification and discussion of various biomimetic agents, such as polyelectrolytes, peptides, poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, and metal ions. Specifically, polyelectrolytes efficiently stabilize mineral precursors using their charge properties, allowing them to adapt to a wide range of mineralization microenvironments; peptides achieve dual targeting of collagen binding and mineralization regulation by precisely mimicking functional domains of NCPs; PAMAM dendrimers provide abundant nucleation sites through their highly branched structures while also serving as carriers; and metal ions enhance mineralization effects by modulating the lattice and activating additional bioactivities. Additionally, this review clarifies the underlying mechanisms and relative effectiveness of biomimetic strategies and proposes future directions, including modular integrated platforms, intelligent microenvironment-responsive mineralization systems, and clinical translation validation. These insights and perspectives are crucial for the development of next-generation therapeutic materials for dentin regeneration and repair.
Keywords:
dentin biomimetic mineralization
non-collagenous proteins
polyelectrolytes
peptides
PAMAM dendrimers
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