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Adverse childhood experiences and psychiatric outcomes among women with schizophrenia and depression in Singapore
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DOI：10.1080/20008066.2026.2663661.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are important determinants of adult mental health, yet data on their prevalence and consequences among women with severe mental disorders in Asian settings remain limited.
Objective: To examine the epidemiology of ACEs and their associations with symptom severity, quality of life (QoL), substance use, and intimate partner violence (IPV) among women with schizophrenia and depression.
Methods: A total of 255 women aged 21–65 years with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia or depression were recruited from a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Singapore. ACEs were assessed using the ACE-10 questionnaire. Outcomes included symptom severity, quality of life, substance use, and intimate partner violence. Linear and logistic regression models assessed associations, adjusting for confounders.
Results: Over three-quarters of participants (77.7%) reported at least one ACE, with emotional abuse being the most common (51.0%). A clear dose–response relationship was observed: women reporting ≥3 ACEs had higher depression severity (B = 5.44, p < .001) and overall psychiatric symptom burden (B = 6.27, p < .001), poorer QoL across all domains (e.g. physical health B = –16.32, p < .001), and increased odds of psychological IPV (OR = 6.03, p < .001) and physical IPV (OR = 3.79, p = .007)
ACEs were highly prevalent among women with schizophrenia and depression in this Singaporean clinical sample. These findings highlight the importance of routine trauma assessment and the integration of trauma-informed approaches within mental-health services.
Keywords:
Adverse childhood experiences
depression
intimate partner violence
quality of life
schizophrenia
trauma-informed care
women’s mental health
Experiencias adversas en la infancia
depresión
violencia de pareja íntima
calidad de vida
esquizofrenia
cuidado informado en trauma
salud mental de las mujeres
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