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Alterations in nitrogen-induced root exudates affect plant nitrogen utilization and growth
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DOI：10.1016/j.ejsobi.2026.103832.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application can lead to unbalanced plant growth and nitrogen loss. Despite extensive studies on soil and crop responses to nitrogen, the role of root exudates in nitrogen cycling and their impact on plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) remains poorly understood. This study examined the impact of nitrogen levels on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) root exudates, rhizosphere microbes, and NUE. A controlled pot experiment with four nitrogen levels (0, 0.575, 1.125, and 2.250 g kg─1) was conducted using Fluvisols. The results of this study demonstrate that moderate nitrogen application (1.125 g kg─1) optimized NUE by 43.26%, leading to a 192.36% increase in biomass compared to the control. Key root exudates, particularly quercetin derivatives (quercetin 3-O-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), showed over a 1.50-fold increase under moderate nitrogen treatment compared to the control. These compounds facilitated nitrogen transformation by interacting with specific microbial taxa, such as Pontibacter, whose abundance increased 3.50-fold. Additionally, moderate nitrogen application was associated with a more balanced microbial community and co-occurrence network characteristics potentially linked to improved NUE. These findings highlight the key role of root exudates in nitrogen cycling, emphasizing the need to optimize nitrogen input for improved crop productivity, reduced environmental impact, and sustainable nitrogen management.
Keywords:
root exudates
nitrogen use efficiency
rhizosphere microbes
tomato
nitrogen application
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