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An Atomic-Scale Vector Network Analyzer
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DOI：10.1002/smtd.202301526.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Electronic devices have been ever-shrinking toward atomic dimensions and have reached operation frequencies in the GHz range, thereby outperforming most conventional test equipment, such as vector network analyzers (VNA). Here the capabilities of a VNA on the atomic scale in a scanning tunneling microscope are implemented. Nonlinearities present in the voltage-current characteristic of atoms and nanostructures for phase-resolved microwave spectroscopy with unprecedented spatial resolution at GHz frequencies are exploited. The amplitude and phase response up to 9.3 GHz is determined, which permits accurate de-embedding of the transmission line and application of distortion-corrected waveforms in the tunnel junction itself. This enables quantitative characterization of the complex-valued admittance of individual magnetic iron atoms which show a lowpass response with a magnetic-field-tunable cutoff frequency. A method that ports the functionality of a macroscopic vector network analyzer, VNA, to the atomic scale is introduced. The approach pairs the unparalleled spatial resolution of a scanning tunneling microscope, STM, with microwave detection in the tunnel junction to enable phase-resolved broadband microwave spectroscopy with atomic-scale spatial resolution. image
Keywords:
atomic-scale
phase-resolved microwave spectroscopy
scanning tunneling microscopy
vector network analyzer
Journal
IF:
9.1
Papers:
4.2K
Citations:
2.2W