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An Efficient, Secure, and Privacy-Preserving Communication Protocol for Drone-Assisted Disaster Management in Smart Cities
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DOI：10.1109/tnsm.2026.3714291.png)
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Abstract
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Drones (also referred to as unmanned aerial vehicles) have attracted significant attention within smart city ecosystems due to their ability to detect crises promptly and provide real-time support for disaster management services. However, the increasing risks of cyber and physical attacks, along with potential private data leaks, present substantial challenges to their deployment in smart city environments. In this paper, we propose a secure communication protocol that leverages a novel group authentication scheme (GAS), tailored for disaster management services in smart cities. The proposed scheme enables both group key agreement among drones and individual session key establishment between each drone and the control center (CC). Hence, our protocol preserves data confidentiality, message integrity, and data privacy, and verifies the authenticity of communicating parties. We employ physically unclonable functions (PUFs) and reverse fuzzy extractors to withstand critical threats, including physical attacks and machine learning (ML)-based modeling attacks. Our protocol also uses lightweight cryptographic primitives, such as hash-based message authentication codes (HMACs) and exclusive-OR (XOR) operations to ensure efficiency. Comprehensive security analysis using formal proofs and the Scyther tool demonstrates that the proposed scheme resists various attacks while preserving data privacy in IoD-enabled services. Ultimately, performance analysis results confirm that the proposed protocol is efficient and feasible.
Keywords:
Drone
smart city
IoD-enabled services
privacy
security
group authentication
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