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An Optically Transparent 2-dimensional Beam-Steerable Window Antenna Array
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DOI：10.1109/lawp.2026.3732351.png)
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Abstract
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This letter presents a transparent 4×4 phased antenna array (PAA) with 2-dimensional (2D) beam-steering capability. The array is fabricated by bonding transparent metal mesh film (TMMF) on quartz glass. Magnetoelectric (ME) dipole element is used for its stable radiation pattern over a relatively wide impedance bandwidth. Unlike conventional parallel-fed planar arrays, each element is independently fed by a feedline, and a 2-bit phase shifter at each input provides phase compensation for beam steering verification. This feeding mechanism moves opaque active components out of the array aperture, resulting in a clear aperture free of “dark dots”. In the visible light region, measured optical transparency of the window array ranges from 50-71.8%. Measured scanning range of the array is ±30° in the E-plane and ±40° in the H-plane. It can be integrated with fixed architectural glass panels to support indoor wireless communication systems.
Keywords:
Antenna array
Metal mesh film
Phased antenna array
ME dipole
Transparent antenna
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