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An over-five-volt all-solid-state bipolar structural battery
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DOI：10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109401.png)
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Abstract
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Structural batteries are a promising solution for increasing the driving range and enhancing the performance of electric vehicles and drones by enabling structural components to store electrochemical energy in addition to their load-bearing function. Most structural batteries today employ lithium-ion chemistries incorporating carbon fibre due to its electrochemical activity and mechanical properties, based on bicontinuous or gel electrolytes. However, solid-state structural battery prototypes have not been demonstrated yet due to the compromise between mechanical stiffness and ionic conductivity. Achieving solid-state structural batteries is vital for both efficient ion transport and mechanical coherence. In this work, all-solid-state structural batteries are demonstrated. Specifically, the solid-state structural battery is fabricated in a single-layer full-cell configuration (Li4Ti5O12/LiFePO4) with a poly(ethylene oxide)-based solid-state electrolyte, achieving a tensile modulus of around 17.5 GPa. To pave the way towards practical applications, a multi-layer cell design is explored to increase battery capacity. Furthermore, leveraging a bipolar cell design, the first all-solid-state structural battery exceeding 5 V, is demonstrated.
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