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An Unusual Chemical Self-Discharge Crosstalk with Active Lithium Dissolution Triggered by Sodium Ions in Li/Na Hybrid Batteries
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DOI：10.34133/energymatadv.0182.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Lithium as the new white gold suffers from tight global supply and sharp price fluctuation due to the growing demand of clean energy conversion and storage systems. Reducing the amount of lithium by sodium replacement in current Li batteries is a promising approach to lower the battery fabrication cost in the industry. Note that lithium-layered oxides only deliver ~75% of their theoretical capacities under a cutoff voltage of ~4.3 V. If the rest of the Li ions could be partly or fully substituted by low-cost Na ions, the battery fabrication cost could be reduced substantially. In this work, the effects of sodium ion substitution concentration on the performance of lithium-layered oxides have been studied. For the first time, a surprising active Li dissolution phenomenon triggered by the Na ions released from Na-substituted Li-layered oxides (especially Na ≥ 10%) along with an unusual chemical self-discharge crosstalk is discovered. Combined with theoretical calculations, it is found that the released Na ions via Li/Na ion exchange can migrate to and corrode active Li anode with reductive matter generation, which in turn transfer to and reduce the cathode materials, leading to a chemical self-discharge during storage without external electronic connection. These findings will give more insights into the specific design of future Li/Na hybrid energy storage systems in order to avoid such undesired self-discharge crosstalk.
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