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Analog Backscatter for Commodity WiFi With Payload Transparency
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AI
DOI：10.1109/TON.2025.3582020.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Backscatter is an enabling technology for battery-free sensing in today’s Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIOT). Building a backscatter sensing system, however, is a daunting task, due to two obstacles: the unaffordable power consumption of the microprocessor and the coexistence with the ambient carrier’s traffic. In order to address the issues, we present Leggiero, the first-of-its-kind analog WiFi backscatter with payload transparency, and its enhanced version, Leggiero+. A specially designed circuit based on the varactor diode directly converts fast-varying analog sensor signals into the RF (radio frequency) signal phase, eliminating the need for a microprocessor to interface between the radio and the sensor. By precisely locating the WiFi packet’s extra long training field (LTF) section and carefully designing the reference circuit, Leggiero embeds the analog phase into the channel state information (CSI). A commodity WiFi receiver without hardware modification can simultaneously decode the WiFi and the sensor data. We implement and evaluate Leggiero and Leggiero+ under varied settings. Results show the tag’s power consumption (excluding the power of the peripheral sensor module) is $30\mu $ W at a 400Hz sampling rate, $4.8\times $ and $4\times $ lower than the state-of-the-art WiFi backscatter schemes. Leggiero+ demonstrates enhanced throughput, communication range, and analog signal reproduction accuracy. Our design supports a variety of sensing applications, while maintaining the WiFi carrier’s throughput performance.
Keywords:
Backscatter
analog
phase
RF computing
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