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Anisotropic failure behavior of bedding coal roadway rock mass via true triaxial experiment and finite-discrete element simulation
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DOI：10.1007/s10064-026-05213-6.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
As a typical sedimentary rock, coal possesses a natural bedding structure that results in anisotropic mechanical properties. This study investigates the anisotropic failure behavior of a bedding coal roadway through true triaxial tests and numerical simulations. The mechanical responses of horizontal (0°) and vertical (90°) bedding coal rock under excavation were examined using a true triaxial apparatus. Additionally, the Finite-Discrete Element Method (FDEM) was employed to simulate the failure state of the rock mass following roadway excavation. The results indicate that the bearing capacity curves of both types of coal rock undergo three distinct stages: an elastic rising stage, a stress adjustment stage, and a residual stress stage. The ultimate bearing capacity of the 0° bedding coal rock was found to be higher than that of the 90° sample. Their failure modes also differ significantly. The 0° coal rock exhibited brittle failure, characterized by a sharp drop in bearing capacity during the stress adjustment stage, followed by a recovery to the residual stress level, accompanied by the formation of a single penetrating shear crack. In contrast, the 90° coal rock showed a gradual decline from peak stress to the residual stress level during the stress adjustment stage, eventually breaking into multiple fragments. Correspondingly, the roof and floor of the roadway are more prone to fragmentation, while the two sides are susceptible to brittle failure. To address these anisotropic failure mechanisms, corresponding support strategies are proposed. It is recommended to use flexible rock mesh combined with anchor cables capable of containing fractured rock at the roof and floor, while energy-absorbing bolts/cables are suggested for supporting the roadway sides to mitigate impact failure.
Keywords:
Bedding coal rock
Anisotropic failure
FDEM
True triaxial experiment
Roadway support
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