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Anisotropic thermal conductivity as a function of wood density: experimental data comparison across eight wood species
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DOI：10.1515/hf-2025-0097.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Wooden cubes from eight European species - spruce (Picea abies), pine (Pinus sylvestris), larch (Larix sp.), oak (Quercus sp.), beech (Fagus sylvatica), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), birch (Betula sp.), and poplar (Populus sp.) - were tested to investigate the relationship between thermal conductivity and density. Thermal conductivity was measured in the longitudinal, radial, and tangential directions on a total of 215 conditioned samples, each species covering a broad density range. Linear regression models were fitted for each species and anatomical direction. The gradients of regression models revealed species- and direction-specific differences. Longitudinal thermal conductivity showed the greatest density dependence, with spruce, birch, and poplar exhibiting gradients up to 40 % steeper than oak. In contrast, oak displayed the highest gradient in the radial and tangential directions, while other species showed up to 19 % (radial) and 13 % (tangential) lower values. The results demonstrate that, beyond density, anatomical direction and species-specific properties must be considered in thermal conductivity modeling of wood.
Keywords:
anatomical direction
density
heat flow meter
thermal conductivity
wood species
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