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Anonymous multi-hop off-chain payment scheme based on Ring-LWE
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DOI：10.1016/j.bcra.2026.100525.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Payment channel networks are one of the most promising off-chain solutions to the blockchain scalability problem. However, with the development of quantum computers, most of the payment channel network solutions that resist wormhole attacks are not able to resist adversaries that can access quantum computers. To solve this problem, we use NTRU and AES to design a post-quantum onion router based on the onion routing protocol to ensure the unlinkability and security of onion packets in the delivery process and realize the identity privacy of the payment path nodes. Secondly, we propose the LWE-based time-locked contract (LTLC), which defines the unidirectional problem in the commitment phase as a learning with error problem, and reduces the contraction to the lattice-hard problem to avoid the relaying cost from being stolen by malicious nodes with access to the quantum computer using wormhole attacks, but incurs high-performance overhead. To improve the performance, we further propose a Ring-LWE-based time-locked contract (RLTLC). The communication and computation costs of RLTLC are approximately 3.36% and 10.2% of those of LTLC, respectively. The security analysis and performance evaluation show that the scheme in this paper achieves relational anonymity, atomicity, and resistance to wormhole attacks for post-quantum payment channel networks, and the performance overhead of RLTLC remains acceptable even under quantum computing threats.
Keywords:
Payment channel network
Post-quantum
Blockchain
Scalability
Privacy protection
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310
Citations:
754
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