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Application of Rice Husks-Based Biochar for Removal of Pollutants from Water and Wastewater
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DOI：10.1080/15422119.2025.2559238.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Rice husk (RH) is a byproduct of rice milling, making approximately 20% of the total rice production. Converting RH into biochar is becoming increasingly popular as a sustainable method of waste valuable disposal. Biochar is considered a model adsorbent capable of efficiently eliminating many type of contaminants from aqueous solutions. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of producing biochar from RH and its usage in contaminant remediation. It details the characteristics of RH-derived biochar, its modification, and effectiveness for diverse contaminants. It was observed that modification substantially enhances the adsorption capacity of RH biochar for all contaminants, with exceptionally high uptake values such as 1.2 g/g for malachite green following KMnO₄ activation and 0.7 g/g for Cr(VI) after treatment with Zn/Al-layered double hydroxyde. Mechanistic studies indicate that pollutant removal occurs through processes like ion exchange, surface complexation, hydrogen bonding, π–π interactions, and pore-filling, depending on the type of contaminant and the biochar characteristics. Additionally, RH-derived biochar can be regenerated using thermal and chemical methods, often maintaining over 60% efficiency after multiple reuse cycles. The review also addressed the production costs of RH biochar for pollutant removal and highlighted existing research gaps along with recommendations for future investigations. This study contributes a solid basis for understanding the pollutant-specific interaction mechanisms and offers pragmatic suggestions to advance RH biochar toward practical applications.
Keywords:
Rice husk
wastewater purification
adsorption mechanism
sustainability
waste recycling
adsorbent modification
adsorption capacity
regeneration and reuse
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