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Approximate Computing-Based Framework for Low-Cost Runtime Hardware Trojan Defense
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DOI：10.1109/tcsi.2026.3699276.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
With the growing reliance on third-party intellectual property (3PIP) in integrated circuit design, the threat of functional failures induced by hardware Trojans embedded within these components has become increasingly critical. The high stealthiness and sophistication of hardware Trojans often render existing detection techniques insufficient for comprehensive coverage. As a result, runtime detection and recovery techniques have emerged and been proposed as a crucial last line of defense. However, these solutions typically introduce substantial hardware overhead, limiting their practicality in resource-constrained applications such as edge computing. To address this critical challenge, this work leverages approximate computing to develop low-cost runtime recovery strategies against hardware Trojans. Specifically, it begins by analyzing the challenges and potential opportunities introduced into existing security schemes when approximate computing is applied. Based on this analysis, targeted solutions and optimization techniques are proposed. These are then integrated into a unified framework that explores the trade-off between hardware resource usage and computational accuracy while maintaining circuit-level security. Experimental results across several commonly used applications demonstrate that the proposed framework can achieve over 20% of hardware resource savings with only a 5% reduction in accuracy. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to systematically integrate approximate computing with runtime hardware Trojan recovery, providing a new cost-effective direction for circuit-level security in resource-constrained systems.
Keywords:
Approximate computing
hardware Trojan
low-cost
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