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ARE CHILDREN NORMAL?
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DOI：10.1162/REST_a_00257.png)
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Abstract
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We examine Becker's (1960) contention that children are normal. For the cross-section of non-Hispanic white married couples in the United States, we show that when we restrict comparisons to similarly educated women living in similarly expensive locations, completed fertility is positively correlated with the husband's income. The empirical evidence is consistent with children being normal. In an effort to show causal effects, we analyze the localized impact on fertility of the mid-1970s' increase in world energy prices, an exogenous shock that substantially increased men's incomes in the Appalachian coal-mining region. Empirical evidence for that population indicates that fertility increases with men's income.
Keywords:
BIRTH-RATES
COAL BOOM
FERTILITY
WAGES
QUALITY
IMPACT
INCOME
RENTS
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