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Assessing the socio-economic and environmental impacts of recreational sites in Jhansi; Central India: perceptions of visitors and local stakeholders
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DOI：10.3389/ffgc.2026.1865007.png)
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Abstract
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Recreational destinations have been found to be effective in improving socio-economic development; environmental conditions; and recreation possibilities in urban and semi-urban zones. This study examined the socio-economic and environmental effects of various recreational locations in the city of Jhansi; Central India. The following recreational sites are analysed in this research – Atal Ekta Park; Lakshmi Bai Park; Panchtantra Park; and Jhansi Fort. Systematic random sampling was conducted on 200 participants for determining the visitor preferences; socio-economic contributions; environmental issues; and WTP for managing and conserving these places in 2025. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied for determining the influence of various parameters on visitors’ willingness to pay. Meanwhile; the Henry Garrett Ranking methodology was used to rank various visitors’ preferences. It is found out that most respondents showed their willingness to pay some minimal amount for conservation. Most visitors preferred paying less than ₹20 as an entrance fee for such activities. Income level has a positive impact on willingness to pay; whereas the status of occupation and expenditure at the sites have negative effects. The regression model shows high explanatory ability (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.792) and decent model fit (Hosmer–Lemeshow test; p > 0.05). In addition; pollution (noise and air pollution); overcrowding; littering; and poor cleanliness were found to be major environmental issues in recreation areas. It was evident that cleanliness; seating; and proper waste disposal are among the major needs of visitors. These results emphasize the significance of proper environmental management; provision of proper visitor facilities; and use of diverse financial models for the proper management of recreational areas.
Keywords:
environmental impact
willingness to pay
socio-economic impact
customer preferences
recreational sites
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